The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.